IL-33 markedly activates murine eosinophils by an NF-κB-dependent mechanism differentially dependent upon an IL-4-driven autoinflammatory loop.

IL-33 Markedly Activates Murine Eosinophils by an NF-kB–Dependent Mechanism Differentially Dependent upon an IL-4–Driven Autoinflammatory Loop

Hyperglycemia- Induced NF-κB Activation Increases microRNA-146a Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Background & objectives: Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB), a master switch transcription factor, plays a critical role in the progression and development of hyperglycemia-induced microangiopathy. Hyperglycemia activates NF-κB, and subsequently increases pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β leading to development of inflammation. Some new studies have revealed the involvement o...

Protosappanin A protects against atherosclerosis via anti- hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammation and NF-κB signaling pathway in hyperlipidemic rabbits

Objective(s): Protosappanin A (PrA) is an effective and major ingredient of Caesalpinia sappan L. The current study was aimed to explore the effect of PrA on atherosclerosis (AS). Materials and Methods: Firstly, the experimental model of AS was established in rabbits by two-month feeding of high fat diet. Then, the rabbits were randomly divided into five groups and treated with continuous high ...

ExoU Activates NF-κB and Increases IL-8/KC Secretion during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

ExoU, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin injected into host cytosol by type III secretion system, exhibits a potent proinflammatory activity that leads to a marked recruitment of neutrophils to infected tissues. To evaluate the mechanisms that account for neutrophil infiltration, we investigated the effect of ExoU on IL-8 secretion and NF-κB activation. We demonstrate that ExoU increases IL-8 m...

Leukotrienes provide an NFAT-dependent signal that synergizes with IL-33 to activate ILC2s

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells) are the primary source of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-13 during type 2 (allergic) inflammation in the lung. In Th2 cells, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activates the transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and activator protein 1 (AP-1) to induce type 2 cytokines. I...